简介

AHCC®即Active Hexose Correlated Compound（活性己糖相关化合物，中文简称“依诺金”）是专有香菇菌丝体的标准化提取物，含有香菇菌丝体液体培养获得的低聚糖和氨基酸等混合物^1,2。它由日本AminoUp公司与东京大学药学院于1987年研发和推出，因其特含有部分酰化的α-葡聚糖而著称^3,4。自然（Nature）出版集团官网报道指出，AHCC复合多糖可以刺激肠道中人类免疫细胞上的特定受体，这些受体可以识别病毒和细菌等外来病原体，从而支持健康的免疫应答⁵。
 
AHCC®是目前世界上研究最多的专业免疫补充剂，已经获得了100多项科学研究支持，其中包括30多项人体研究。它是美国纪念斯凯隆癌症中心（MSK，全美排名第二）推荐给医生使用的仅有几种药用菌之一⁶。已有40多个国家和1000多家医疗机构使用AHCC来降低健康群体和免疫受损患者的感染率，改善癌症患者的预后，减少化疗副作用，帮助控制HPV感染，管理丙型肝炎患者的病毒载量，并有利于肝病患者⁷。
 

临床总结

AHCC富含葡聚糖（约74%）及特含有α-1,4键的低分子量（~5KDa）多糖（约占20%）⁸，被认为可增强其生物效应⁹，调节免疫细胞的数量和功能⁸；AHCC与TLR-2和TLR-4结合，充当免疫调节剂¹⁰ 。患者使用AHCC可预防和治疗癌症⁶。
 
AHCC显示出抗炎¹¹和抗癌作用^12-16，增强对微生物感染的抵抗力^17,18，并可能预防氧化应激诱导的疾病¹⁹。在健康成年人中，AHCC改善了T细胞免疫反应²⁰，增加了树突细胞数量和功能²¹，改善了对流感疫苗的抗体反应²²，当与长双歧杆菌一起使用时，调节了T调节和树突细胞表型，有利于抗生素使用后的抗炎反应²³。
 
初步研究结果表明，AHCC可以改善肝细胞癌根治性切除术后的预后并预防复发^24,25，改善新辅助治疗期间的营养状况^26,27，并减少化疗相关的不良反应^28,29，以及帮助清除HPV感染^30,31。需要进一步的研究来确定AHCC的治疗潜力。
 

临床研究  

AHCC® 成为全球100多家知名医疗机构和著名大学医学院的研究重点，已发表30多项人体研究包括免疫、抗癌、抑制HPV和酒精性肝病等。与肿瘤相关的部分简介如下：
 
1.减少化疗药物副作用，提高晚期癌症患者生活质量²⁸。

20名癌症患者接受了第一个周期的化疗，然后第二个周期接受AHCC。在化疗期间，每周通过血液检测、EORTC QLQ-C30问卷和唾液中6型疱疹病毒（HHV-6）的DNA水平评估不良反应和生活质量。化疗后HHV-6的DNA水平显著升高。不过，AHCC的给药显著降低了化疗期间唾液中HHV-6的水平，不仅改善了EORTC QLQ-C30问卷中的生活质量评分，还改善了血液毒性和肝毒性。这些发现表明，唾液HHV-6水平可能是化疗期间患者生活质量的良好生物标志物，AHCC可能对癌症化疗患者的化疗相关不良反应和生活质量产生有益影响²⁸。
 
其他研究包括：补充AHCC组（n=35）可以降低药物吉西他滨对胰腺癌患者的副作用²⁹。接受铂基化疗的上皮性卵巢癌或腹膜癌患者（n=14），补充AHCC（3g/天）可显著减少恶心和呕吐，CD8+T细胞淋巴细胞水平显著升高⁹。
 
2.降低癌症治疗后的复发风险²⁵。

一项非随机、开放和非对照研究，接受根治性肝切除术的肝癌患者（n=29）每天口服3次AHCC（1g）持续2年。结果切除术后2年无复发生存率为48%，所有有治疗史的患者无复发率为55.2%。术后第一个月，血清白蛋白水平降至最低，6个月后逐渐恢复到术前水平。随访期间，淋巴细胞百分比几乎没有变化。肝切除术后，基于炎症的预后评分保持在有利水平。在所有患者中均未观察到毒性和不良事件²⁵。
 
3.AHCC可持久清除人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）^30,31。

在确诊为持续性HR-HPV+感染的女性中进行了两项试点研究³⁰，每项研究有10名患者。第一项研究评估了5周至6个月的AHCC 3g/天，第二项研究评估的AHCC 1g/天（<8个月）。每次随访时监测HR-HPV DNA状态和免疫小组。结果：6名患者中有4名（66.7%）在AHCC 3g治疗3-6个月后证实HR-HPV清除。同样，9名患者中有4名（44%）在服用1g AHCC 7个月后证实HR-HPV清除。在清除HR-HPV感染的患者中观察到IFNβ的抑制<25pg/mL³⁰。
 
2022年发表相关的一项验证性II期随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究（CTN:NCT02405533）³¹，受试者为2年以上的50名持续感染高危HPV女性，设计服用AHCC（3g/天）至少6个月。在研究完成时（n=41），共有34名患者（22名盲法患者和12名非盲法患者）接受了AHCC补充，总体反应率为58.8%，清除了HPV持续感染。在入组时，确诊为持续HPV感染的女性的平均IFN-β水平为60.5±37.6pg/ml。在接受AHCC补充的女性中，将IFN-β抑制到20pg/ml以下与T淋巴细胞和IFN-γ的增加以及HPV感染的持久清除有关(如图2)。结果表明，补充AHCC（3g/天）可有效支持宿主免疫系统消除持续的HPV感染，并且耐受性良好，没有报告明显的不良副作用³¹。

参考用量  

临床试验中使用的一些剂量包括以下内容：

• 每天1g用于支持免疫系统，降低感染风险³²。
• 酒精引起的肝酶升高，每天1-3g³³。
• 肝癌患者每天服用3g²⁵。
• 清除HPV每天3g³¹。
• 胰腺癌患者每天6g²⁹。

 
一般建议用量：1-3g/天，推荐剂量可能因使用目的而不同⁸。
 

与药物等相互作用

• CYP450底物：AHCC诱导CYP2D6，这可能会降低底物药物如阿霉素或昂丹司琼的活性。临床意义尚不清楚³⁴。
• 芳香酶抑制剂：AHCC诱导芳香酶，并可能降低芳香酶抑制药物（如来曲唑）的活性。临床相关性尚未确定³⁵。

不良反应 

总体上，AHCC副作用很少。

• 临床试验中报告了腹泻和瘙痒³⁶。
• 其他研究报告出现轻度烧心、胀气和疲劳等³¹。

 

产品品牌

据AminoUp官网，全球销售的所有 AHCC® 散装粉末仅在在日本札幌本部生产和供应。由于使用AHCC的全球用户越来越多，市场上出现了许多假冒AHCC产品。
 
为此，AminoUP在其官网（www.aminoupworld.com）上公示了原料分销商和终端产品品牌商，以支持消费者购买到真实的AHCC产品。此外，AHCC协会官网（www.ahcc.net/id-tested/）也公示了北美地区销售的AHCC产品品牌商。

如何在国内购买到正宗的AHCC产品，本网站将与日本厂商协商，敬请期待。
 

参考文献
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5. Available at. https://www.nature.com/articles/d42473-020-00414-3. Latest accessed Aug 26, 2024.
6. Available at. https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/ahcc. Latest accessed Aug 28, 2024
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9. Suknikhom W et al. The Effects of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) on Levels of CD4+ and CD8+ in Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer or Peritoneal Cancer Receiving Platinum Based Chemotherapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017 Mar 1;18(3):633-638.
10. Mallet JF et al. Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) promotes an intestinal immune response in BALB/c mice and in primary intestinal epithelial cell culture involving toll-like receptors TLR-2 and TLR-4. Eur J Nutr. 2016 Feb;55(1):139-46.
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其他参考来源
美国纪念斯凯隆癌症中心
https://www.mskcc.org/
 
AHCC厂商AminoUP官网
https://www.aminoup.jp/en/research/
 
美国国立癌症研究所
https://www.cancer.gov/
 
美国国立医学图书馆信息中心Pubmed   
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
 
来源：本网编辑 2024.09.16.